Linux – Estendendo a SWAP

13/09/2017 / jhonespetter

Ai você tem uma instalação do Linux em LVM a qual necessita estender o tamanho da SWAP:

[root@centos ~]# free -m
total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1998          78        1574           8         346        1748
Swap:          4135           0        4135

[root@centos ~]# free -m

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 1998 78 1574 8 346 1748

Swap: 4135 0 4135

1 – Preparar o disco

[root@centos ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Select (default p): p
Command (m for help): t
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Command (m for help): w

[root@centos ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): n

Select (default p): p

Command (m for help): t

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e

Command (m for help): w

2 – Estender o VG

[root@centos ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

[root@centos ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  centos   2   2   0 wz--n- 31.50g    0

[root@centos ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

[root@centos ~]# swapoff -va
  
[root@centos ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-swap
  Size of logical volume centos/swap changed from 4.04 GiB (1034 extents) to 6.04 GiB (1545 extents).
  Logical volume centos/swap successfully resized.

[root@centos ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1

Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

[root@centos ~]# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

centos 2 2 0 wz--n- 31.50g 0

[root@centos ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1

Volume group "centos" successfully extended

[root@centos ~]# swapoff -va

[root@centos ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-swap

Size of logical volume centos/swap changed from 4.04 GiB (1034 extents) to 6.04 GiB (1545 extents).

Logical volume centos/swap successfully resized.

3 – Formatar e ativar a SWAP

[root@centos ~]# mkswap /dev/mapper/centos-swap
mkswap: /dev/mapper/centos-swap: warning: wiping old swap signature.
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 6328316 KiB
no label, UUID=c12a0b91-01ff-4d56-a991-c3dabe79a1a2

[root@centos ~]# swapon -va
swapon /dev/mapper/centos-swap
swapon: /dev/mapper/centos-swap: found swap signature: version 1, page-size 4, same byte order
swapon: /dev/mapper/centos-swap: pagesize=4096, swapsize=6480199680, devsize=6480199680

[root@centos ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1998          79        1572           8         346        1746
Swap:          6179           0        6179

[root@centos ~]# cat /proc/swaps
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/dm-1                               partition       6328316 0       -1

[root@centos ~]# mkswap /dev/mapper/centos-swap

mkswap: /dev/mapper/centos-swap: warning: wiping old swap signature.

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 6328316 KiB

no label, UUID=c12a0b91-01ff-4d56-a991-c3dabe79a1a2

[root@centos ~]# swapon -va

swapon /dev/mapper/centos-swap

swapon: /dev/mapper/centos-swap: found swap signature: version 1, page-size 4, same byte order

swapon: /dev/mapper/centos-swap: pagesize=4096, swapsize=6480199680, devsize=6480199680

[root@centos ~]# free -m

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 1998 79 1572 8 346 1746

Swap: 6179 0 6179

[root@centos ~]# cat /proc/swaps

Filename Type Size Used Priority

/dev/dm-1 partition 6328316 0 -1

E se precisar reduzir

[root@centos ~]# swapoff -a

[root@centos ~]# lvreduce --size -4G /dev/mapper/centos-swap
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to <2.04 GiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce centos/swap? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume centos/swap changed from <6.04 GiB (1545 extents) to <2.04 GiB (521 extents).
  Logical volume centos/swap successfully resized.
  
[root@centos ~]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda2  centos lvm2 a--  <29.51g  8.00m
  /dev/sdb1  centos lvm2 a--   <2.00g <2.00g
  /dev/sdd1  centos lvm2 a--   <2.00g <2.00g

[root@centos ~]# vgreduce centos /dev/sdd1
  Removed "/dev/sdd1" from volume group "centos"

[root@centos ~]# vgreduce centos /dev/sdb1
  Removed "/dev/sdb1" from volume group "centos"

[root@centos ~]# mkswap /dev/mapper/centos-swap
  
[root@centos ~]# swapon -a

[root@centos ~]# swapoff -a

[root@centos ~]# lvreduce --size -4G /dev/mapper/centos-swap

WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to <2.04 GiB.

THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)

Do you really want to reduce centos/swap? [y/n]: y

Size of logical volume centos/swap changed from <6.04 GiB (1545 extents) to <2.04 GiB (521 extents).

Logical volume centos/swap successfully resized.

[root@centos ~]# pvs

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <29.51g 8.00m

/dev/sdb1 centos lvm2 a-- <2.00g <2.00g

/dev/sdd1 centos lvm2 a-- <2.00g <2.00g

[root@centos ~]# vgreduce centos /dev/sdd1

Removed "/dev/sdd1" from volume group "centos"

[root@centos ~]# vgreduce centos /dev/sdb1

Removed "/dev/sdb1" from volume group "centos"

[root@centos ~]# mkswap /dev/mapper/centos-swap

[root@centos ~]# swapon -a

Referência: https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/5.1/Deployment_Guide/s2-swap-extending-lvm2.html https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/5.2/Deployment_Guide/s2-swap-reducing-lvm2.html

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Linux – Instalando Nginx (Engine X) + PHP

02/09/2017 / jhonespetter

Eae bora instalar o Nginx com PHP? Documentação: https://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html 1 – Adicionar o repositório e instalar o pacote

[root@centos tmp]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[root@centos tmp]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

[nginx]

name=nginx repo

baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

[root@centos tmp]# yum install nginx php php-common php-fpm

1	[root@centos tmp]# yum install nginx php php-common php-fpm

[root@centos tmp]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@centos tmp]# systemctl disable httpd
[root@centos tmp]# systemctl enable nginx
[root@centos tmp]# systemctl start nginx

[root@centos tmp]# systemctl stop httpd

[root@centos tmp]# systemctl disable httpd

[root@centos tmp]# systemctl enable nginx

[root@centos tmp]# systemctl start nginx

2 – Editar os arquivos de conf

[root@centos tmp]# vim /etc/php.ini

cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

[root@centos tmp]# vim /etc/php.ini

cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

[root@centos tmp]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock
listen.owner = nobody
listen.group = nobody
user = nginx
group = nginx

[root@centos tmp]# systemctl restart php-fpm

[root@centos tmp]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock

listen.owner = nobody

listen.group = nobody

user = nginx

group = nginx

[root@centos tmp]# systemctl restart php-fpm

[root@centos tmp]# cp /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /mnt/
[root@centos tmp]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  192.168.1.39;

    # note that these lines are originally from the "location /" block
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
    error_page 404 /404.html;
    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

[root@centos tmp]# systemctl restart nginx

[root@centos tmp]# cp /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /mnt/

[root@centos tmp]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

server {

listen 80;

server_name 192.168.1.39;

# note that these lines are originally from the "location /" block

root /usr/share/nginx/html;

index index.php index.html index.htm;

location / {

try_files $uri $uri/ =404;

}

error_page 404 /404.html;

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location = /50x.html {

root /usr/share/nginx/html;

}

location ~ \.php$ {

try_files $uri =404;

fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

include fastcgi_params;

}

[root@centos tmp]# systemctl restart nginx

3 – Criar phpinfo.php e validar

[root@centos tmp]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/phpinfo.php

<?php
	phpinfo();
?>

http://seu_ipaddress/phpinfo.php

[root@centos tmp]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/phpinfo.php

<?php

phpinfo();

http://seu_ipaddress/phpinfo.php

Referências: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-linux-nginx-mysql-php-lemp-stack-on-centos-7 https://www.tecmint.com/install-nginx-mariadb-php-rhel-centos-fedora/

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Zabbix – Número de triggers com status problem

25/07/2017 / jhonespetter

Indicador de problema com valor total para podermos ter visão do ambiente no todo. Neste caso ele irá apresentar o valor total de triggers em alerta em todas as prioridades: Discussão: Monitoring_triggers_active 1 – Consultas no banco que retornam o resultado

SELECT count(t.triggerid) AS TRIGGERS_ACTIVE
	FROM triggers t, functions f, items i, hosts h 
	WHERE t.triggerid=f.triggerid 
	AND f.itemid=i.itemid 
	AND i.status=0 
	AND i.hostid=h.hostid 
	AND h.status=0 
	AND t.status=0 
	AND t.value=1;
	
	
SELECT count(DISTINCT t.triggerid) AS TRIGGERS_ACTIVE
	FROM triggers t, functions f, items i, hosts h 
	WHERE t.triggerid=f.triggerid 
	AND f.itemid=i.itemid 
	AND i.status=0 
	AND i.hostid=h.hostid 
	AND h.status=0
	AND t.status=0 
	AND t.value=1;

SELECT count(t.triggerid) AS TRIGGERS_ACTIVE

FROM triggers t, functions f, items i, hosts h

WHERE t.triggerid=f.triggerid

AND f.itemid=i.itemid

AND i.status=0

AND i.hostid=h.hostid

AND h.status=0

AND t.status=0

AND t.value=1;

SELECT count(DISTINCT t.triggerid) AS TRIGGERS_ACTIVE

FROM triggers t, functions f, items i, hosts h

WHERE t.triggerid=f.triggerid

AND f.itemid=i.itemid

AND i.status=0

AND i.hostid=h.hostid

AND h.status=0

AND t.status=0

AND t.value=1;

2 – UserParameter

# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/userparameter_mysql.conf

# echo "SELECT count(DISTINCT t.triggerid) FROM triggers t, functions f, items i, hosts h WHERE t.triggerid=f.triggerid AND f.itemid=i.itemid AND i.status=0 AND i.hostid=h.hostid AND h.status=0 AND t.status=0 AND t.value=1;"|mysql -h 192.168.1.230 zabbix -s -u zabbix

UserParameter=trigger.active,echo "SELECT count(DISTINCT t.triggerid) FROM triggers t, functions f, items i, hosts h WHERE t.triggerid=f.triggerid AND f.itemid=i.itemid AND i.status=0 AND i.hostid=h.hostid AND h.status=0 AND t.status=0 AND t.value=1;"|mysql zabbix -s -u zabbix

# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/userparameter_mysql.conf

# echo "SELECT count(DISTINCT t.triggerid) FROM triggers t, functions f, items i, hosts h WHERE t.triggerid=f.triggerid AND f.itemid=i.itemid AND i.status=0 AND i.hostid=h.hostid AND h.status=0 AND t.status=0 AND t.value=1;"|mysql -h 192.168.1.230 zabbix -s -u zabbix

UserParameter=trigger.active,echo "SELECT count(DISTINCT t.triggerid) FROM triggers t, functions f, items i, hosts h WHERE t.triggerid=f.triggerid AND f.itemid=i.itemid AND i.status=0 AND i.hostid=h.hostid AND h.status=0 AND t.status=0 AND t.value=1;"|mysql zabbix -s -u zabbix

3 – Separando a prioridade https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.0/manual/api/reference/trigger/object 0…

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Mikrotik – Conhecendo

23/07/2017 / jhonespetter

… “Nunca vi, nem comi, eu só ouço falar”. É assim o meu caso com o Mikrotik, todo mundo fala, usa e eu só ouço falar, então peguei pra entender um pouco desse cara. 1 – O que é? Um sistema operacional com base Linux com foco em roteadores. Entrando no site do fabricante, tem…

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Oracle – SQL Developer linguagem

13/07/2017 / jhonespetter

Estava eu la usando o Oracle SQL Developer e cai num SQL de data ao qual dava erro pois o SQL Developer estava em PT_BR e a consulta que eu estava efetuando era EN_US, portanto como mudar pra EN_US meu SQL Developer? 1 – Encontre seu arquivo de configuração Aqui no meu caso localizado abaixo:…

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pfSense – Revogando certificado (CE) para conexões no OpenVPN

30/06/2017 / jhonespetter

Você tem um Server de OpenVPN ao qual fecha todas VPNs por chaves com certificado, ai chega a missão de revogar a chave do fulano que foi desligado, eai? 1 – Criar a lista de certificados revogados (CRL) 2 – Revogar o Certificado (CE) 3 – A cereja do bolo…

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Oracle – Aprendendo SQL – Operações com caracteres

24/05/2017 / jhonespetter

Lower, Upper e Initcap Lower coloca toda string em minusculo, upper coloca toda escrita em maiúsculo e initcap coloca o primeiro caractere em maiúsculo:

select 
    lower('JPCORP')
    from dual;

Saída do comando: jpcorp

select    
    upper('jpcorp')
    from dual;

Saída do comando: JPCORP

select 
    initcap('jpcorp'),
    initcap('JPCORP')
    from dual;

Saída do comando: Jpcorp
Saída do comando: Jpcorp

select

lower('JPCORP')

from dual;

Saída do comando: jpcorp

select

upper('jpcorp')

from dual;

Saída do comando: JPCORP

select

initcap('jpcorp'),

initcap('JPCORP')

from dual;

Saída do comando: Jpcorp

Concat Objetivo do “CONCAT” é concatenar, ou seja, juntar|LigarUmAoOutro exemplo abaixo:

select 
    concat('Estou aprendendo',' SQL') AS "CONCAT"
    from dual;

Saída do comando: Estou aprendendo SQL

select

concat('Estou aprendendo',' SQL') AS "CONCAT"

from dual;

Saída do comando: Estou aprendendo SQL

Substr O “SUBSTR” pega uma parte de uma string por posição, exemplo abaixo pega depois da…

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PHPMyFAQ – Instalação

23/01/2017 / jhonespetter

PHPMyFAQ é um projeto open source para base de conhecimento, conhecendo ela me surpreendeu por ser uma ferramenta objetiva, simples de manusear e poderosa. Projeto: http://www.phpmyfaq.de/ 1 – Instalação

[root@phpmyfaq]# rpm -ivh http://remi.xpg.com.br/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
[root@phpmyfaq]# yum install php71-php-pecl-mysql php71-php-mysqlnd php71 php71-build php71-php php71-php-cli php71-php-common php71-php-fpm php71-php-gd php71-php-mbstring php71-php-mcrypt php71-php-pecl-zip php71-php-xml

[root@phpmyfaq]# yum install mariadb-server
[root@phpmyfaq]# systemctl start httpd mariadb
[root@phpmyfaq]# systemctl enable httpd mariadb
[root@phpmyfaq]# mysql_secure_installation
[root@phpmyfaq]# mysql -uroot -p

create database phpmyfaq;
grant all on phpmyfaq.* to phpmyfaq@'%' identified by '123456';
grant all on phpmyfaq.* to phpmyfaq@'localhost' identified by '123456';
flush privileges;

[root@phpmyfaq]# cd /var/www/html
[root@phpmyfaq]# wget http://download.phpmyfaq.de/phpMyFAQ-2.9.5.tar.gz
[root@phpmyfaq]# tar -zxvf phpMyFAQ-2.9.5.tar.gz
[root@phpmyfaq]# cd phpmyfaq/
[root@phpmyfaq]# mkdir attachments data images
[root@phpmyfaq]# chown -R apache. /var/www/html/phpmyfaq
[root@phpmyfaq]# chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/phpmyfaq
[root@phpmyfaq]# mv setup/index.php setup/index.php.old
[root@phpmyfaq]# mv setup/update.php setup/update.php.old

[root@phpmyfaq]# rpm -ivh http://remi.xpg.com.br/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm

[root@phpmyfaq]# yum install php71-php-pecl-mysql php71-php-mysqlnd php71 php71-build php71-php php71-php-cli php71-php-common php71-php-fpm php71-php-gd php71-php-mbstring php71-php-mcrypt php71-php-pecl-zip php71-php-xml

[root@phpmyfaq]# yum install mariadb-server

[root@phpmyfaq]# systemctl start httpd mariadb

[root@phpmyfaq]# systemctl enable httpd mariadb

[root@phpmyfaq]# mysql_secure_installation

[root@phpmyfaq]# mysql -uroot -p

create database phpmyfaq;

grant all on phpmyfaq.* to phpmyfaq@'%' identified by '123456';

grant all on phpmyfaq.* to phpmyfaq@'localhost' identified by '123456';

flush privileges;

[root@phpmyfaq]# cd /var/www/html

[root@phpmyfaq]# wget http://download.phpmyfaq.de/phpMyFAQ-2.9.5.tar.gz

[root@phpmyfaq]# tar -zxvf phpMyFAQ-2.9.5.tar.gz

[root@phpmyfaq]# cd phpmyfaq/

[root@phpmyfaq]# mkdir attachments data images

[root@phpmyfaq]# chown -R apache. /var/www/html/phpmyfaq

[root@phpmyfaq]# chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/phpmyfaq

[root@phpmyfaq]# mv setup/index.php setup/index.php.old

[root@phpmyfaq]# mv setup/update.php setup/update.php.old

2 – Configurar para autenticar no AD/LDAP

[root@phpmyfaq]# yum install php71-php-ldap

1	[root@phpmyfaq]# yum install php71-php-ldap

No menu Configuração > Editar configuração > Configurações de segurança > “Habilitar o suporte ao LDAP”…

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Linux – Repositorios

23/01/2017 / jhonespetter

Repositórios CentOS 7 x86_64

# Epel
rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-7.noarch.rpm

# Repoforge
rpm -ivh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el7.rf.x86_64.rpm

# Remi
rpm -ivh http://remi.xpg.com.br/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm

# Epel

rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-7.noarch.rpm

# Repoforge

rpm -ivh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el7.rf.x86_64.rpm

# Remi

rpm -ivh http://remi.xpg.com.br/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm

CentOS 6 x86_64

# Epel
rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

# Repoforge
rpm -ivh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

# Remi
rpm -ivh http://remi.xpg.com.br/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm

# Epel

rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

# Repoforge

rpm -ivh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

# Remi

rpm -ivh http://remi.xpg.com.br/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm

CentOS 6 i386

rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

1	rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

CentOS 5 x86_64

# Epel
rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

# Repoforge
rpm -ivh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm

# Remi
rpm -ivh http://remi.xpg.com.br/enterprise/remi-release-5.rpm

# Epel

rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

# Repoforge

rpm -ivh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm

# Remi

rpm -ivh http://remi.xpg.com.br/enterprise/remi-release-5.rpm

CentOS 5 i386

rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

1	rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

CentOS 4 x86_64

rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/4/x86_64/epel-release-4-10.noarch.rpm

1	rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/4/x86_64/epel-release-4-10.noarch.rpm

CentOS 4 i386

rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/4/i386/epel-release-4-10.noarch.rpm

1	rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/4/i386/epel-release-4-10.noarch.rpm

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Zabbix – Load CPU [system.cpu.load] vs Utilização CPU [system.cpu.util]

27/10/2016 / jhonespetter

Primeiramente precisamos entender que Load CPU e Utilização CPU são dois indicadores distintos que juntos auxiliam numa análise concreta do uso de CPU, vamos ao entendimento dos conceitos. 1 – Load CPU ou Load Average É a carga de processamento, ou seja, número de processos em execução ou enfileirados para execução. A visão da carga…

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